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目录
生产者消费者模型
条件变量&&互斥锁（阻塞队列）
makefile
Task.hpp
BlockQueue.hpp
BlockQueueTest.cc
信号量&&互斥锁（环形队列）
makefile
RingQueue.hpp
RingQueueTest.cc
线程池（封装任务）
makefile
Lock.hpp（RAII）
Log.hpp
Task.hpp
ThreadPool.hpp
ThreadPoolTest.cc
生产者消费者模型
条件变量&&互斥锁（阻塞队列）
makefile
CC=g++ FLAGS=-std=c++11 LD=-lpthread bin=blockQueue src=BlockQueueTest.cc$(bin):$(src)$(CC) -o $@ $^ $(LD) $(FLAGS) .PHONY:clean clean:rm -f $(bin)Task.hpp
#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <string>class Task { public:Task() : elemOne_(0), elemTwo_(0), operator_('0'){}Task(int one, int two, char op) : elemOne_(one), elemTwo_(two), operator_(op){}int operator() (){return run();}int run(){int result = 0;switch (operator_){case '+':result = elemOne_ + elemTwo_;break;case '-':result = elemOne_ - elemTwo_;break;case '*':result = elemOne_ * elemTwo_;break;case '/':{if (elemTwo_ == 0){std::cout << "div zero, abort" << std::endl;result = -1;}else{result = elemOne_ / elemTwo_;}}break;case '%':{if (elemTwo_ == 0){std::cout << "mod zero, abort" << std::endl;result = -1;}else{result = elemOne_ % elemTwo_;}}break;default:std::cout << "非法操作: " << operator_ << std::endl;break;}return result;}int get(int *e1, int *e2, char *op){*e1 = elemOne_;*e2 = elemTwo_;*op = operator_;} private:int elemOne_;int elemTwo_;char operator_; };BlockQueue.hpp
#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <queue> #include <cstdlib> #include <unistd.h> #include <pthread.h>using namespace std;const uint32_t gDefaultCap = 5;template <class T> class BlockQueue { public:BlockQueue(uint32_t cap = gDefaultCap) : cap_(cap){pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, nullptr);pthread_cond_init(&conCond_, nullptr);pthread_cond_init(&proCond_, nullptr);}~BlockQueue(){pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_);pthread_cond_destroy(&conCond_);pthread_cond_destroy(&proCond_);}public://生产接口void push(const T &in) // const &: 纯输入{// 加锁// 判断->是否适合生产->bq是否为满->程序员视角的条件->1. 满(不生产) 2. 不满(生产)// if(满) 不生产,休眠// else if(不满) 生产，唤醒消费者// 解锁lockQueue();while (isFull()) // ifFull就是我们在临界区中设定的条件{// before: 当我等待的时候，会自动释放mutex_proBlockWait(); //阻塞等待，等待被唤醒。 被唤醒 ！= 条件被满足(概率虽然很小)，被唤醒 && 条件被满足// after: 当我醒来的时候，我是在临界区里醒来的！！}// 条件满足，可以生产pushCore(in); //生产完成// wakeupCon(); // 唤醒消费者unlockQueue();wakeupCon(); // 唤醒消费者}//消费接口T pop(){// 加锁// 判断->是否适合消费->bq是否为空->程序员视角的条件->1. 空(不消费) 2. 有(消费)// if(空) 不消费,休眠// else if(有) 消费，唤醒生产者// 解锁lockQueue();while (isEmpty()){conBlockwait(); //阻塞等待，等待被唤醒，？}// 条件满足，可以消费T tmp = popCore();unlockQueue();wakeupPro(); // 唤醒生产者return tmp;}private:void lockQueue(){pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);}void unlockQueue(){pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);}bool isEmpty(){return bq_.empty();}bool isFull(){return bq_.size() == cap_;}void proBlockWait() // 生产者一定是在临界区中的！{// 1. 在阻塞线程的时候，会自动释放mutex_锁pthread_cond_wait(&proCond_, &mutex_);}void conBlockwait() //阻塞等待，等待被唤醒{// 1. 在阻塞线程的时候，会自动释放mutex_锁pthread_cond_wait(&conCond_, &mutex_);// 2. 当阻塞结束，返回的时候，pthread_cond_wait，会自动帮你重新获得mutex_，然后才返回// 为什么我们上节课，写的代码，批量退出线程的时候，发现无法退出？}void wakeupPro() // 唤醒生产者{pthread_cond_signal(&proCond_);}void wakeupCon() // 唤醒消费者{pthread_cond_signal(&conCond_);}void pushCore(const T &in){bq_.push(in); //生产完成}T popCore(){T tmp = bq_.front();bq_.pop();return tmp;}private:uint32_t cap_; //容量queue<T> bq_; // blockqueuepthread_mutex_t mutex_; //保护阻塞队列的互斥锁pthread_cond_t conCond_; // 让消费者等待的条件变量pthread_cond_t proCond_; // 让生产者等待的条件变量 };BlockQueueTest.cc
#include "Task.hpp" #include "BlockQueue.hpp"#include <ctime>const std::string ops = "+-*/%";// 并发，并不是在临界区中并发(一般)，而是生产前(before blockqueue)，消费后(after blockqueue)对应的并发void *consumer(void *args) {BlockQueue<Task> *bqp = static_cast<BlockQueue<Task> *>(args);while (true){Task t = bqp->pop(); // 消费任务int result = t(); //处理任务 --- 任务也是要花时间的！int one, two;char op;t.get(&one, &two, &op);cout << "consumer[" << pthread_self() << "] " << (unsigned long)time(nullptr) << " 消费了一个任务: " << one << op << two << "=" << result << endl;} } void *productor(void *args) {BlockQueue<Task> *bqp = static_cast<BlockQueue<Task> *>(args);while (true){// 1. 制作任务 --- 要不要花时间？？ -- 网络，磁盘，用户int one = rand() % 50;int two = rand() % 20;char op = ops[rand() % ops.size()];Task t(one, two, op);// 2. 生产任务bqp->push(t);cout << "producter[" << pthread_self() << "] " << (unsigned long)time(nullptr) << " 生产了一个任务: " << one << op << two << "=?" << endl;sleep(1);} }int main() {srand((unsigned long)time(nullptr) ^ getpid());// 定义一个阻塞队列// 创建两个线程，productor, consumer// productor ----- consumer// BlockQueue<int> bq;// bq.push(10);// int a = bq.pop();// cout << a << endl;// 既然可以使用int类型的数据，我们也可以使用自己封装的类型，包括任务// BlockQueue<int> bq;BlockQueue<Task> bq;pthread_t c, p;pthread_create(&c, nullptr, consumer, &bq);pthread_create(&p, nullptr, productor, &bq);pthread_join(c, nullptr);pthread_join(p, nullptr);return 0; }
信号量&&互斥锁（环形队列）
makefile
CC=g++ FLAGS=-std=c++11 LD=-lpthread bin=ringQueue src=RingQueueTest.cc$(bin):$(src)$(CC) -o $@ $^ $(LD) $(FLAGS) .PHONY:clean clean:rm -f $(bin)RingQueue.hpp
#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> #include <semaphore.h>using namespace std;const int gCap = 10;template <class T> class RingQueue { public:RingQueue(int cap = gCap): ringqueue_(cap), pIndex_(0), cIndex_(0){// 生产sem_init(&roomSem_, 0, ringqueue_.size());// 消费sem_init(&dataSem_, 0, 0);pthread_mutex_init(&pmutex_ ,nullptr);pthread_mutex_init(&cmutex_ ,nullptr);}// 生产void push(const T &in){sem_wait(&roomSem_); //无法被多次的申请pthread_mutex_lock(&pmutex_);ringqueue_[pIndex_] = in; //生产的过程pIndex_++; // 写入位置后移pIndex_ %= ringqueue_.size(); // 更新下标，保证环形特征pthread_mutex_unlock(&pmutex_);sem_post(&dataSem_);}// 消费T pop(){sem_wait(&dataSem_);pthread_mutex_lock(&cmutex_);T temp = ringqueue_[cIndex_];cIndex_++;cIndex_ %= ringqueue_.size();// 更新下标，保证环形特征pthread_mutex_unlock(&cmutex_);sem_post(&roomSem_);return temp;}~RingQueue(){sem_destroy(&roomSem_);sem_destroy(&dataSem_);pthread_mutex_destroy(&pmutex_);pthread_mutex_destroy(&cmutex_);} private:vector<T> ringqueue_; // 环形队列sem_t roomSem_; // 衡量空间计数器，productorsem_t dataSem_; // 衡量数据计数器，consumeruint32_t pIndex_; // 当前生产者写入的位置， 如果是多线程，pIndex_也是临界资源uint32_t cIndex_; // 当前消费者读取的位置，如果是多线程，cIndex_也是临界资源pthread_mutex_t pmutex_;pthread_mutex_t cmutex_; };RingQueueTest.cc
#include "RingQueue.hpp" #include <ctime> #include <unistd.h>// 我们是单生产者，单消费者 // 多生产者，多消费者？？代码怎么改？ // 为什么呢？？？多生产者，多消费者？ // 不要只关心把数据或者任务，从ringqueue 放拿的过程，获取数据或者任务，处理数据或者任务，也是需要花时间的！void *productor(void *args) {RingQueue<int> *rqp = static_cast<RingQueue<int> *>(args);while(true){int data = rand()%10;rqp->push(data);cout << "pthread[" << pthread_self() << "]" << " 生产了一个数据: " << data << endl;sleep(1);} }void *consumer(void *args) {RingQueue<int> *rqp = static_cast<RingQueue<int> *>(args);while(true){//sleep(10);int data = rqp->pop();cout << "pthread[" << pthread_self() << "]" << " 消费了一个数据: " << data << endl;} }int main() {srand((unsigned long)time(nullptr)^getpid());RingQueue<int> rq;pthread_t c1,c2,c3, p1,p2,p3;pthread_create(&p1, nullptr, productor, &rq);pthread_create(&p2, nullptr, productor, &rq);pthread_create(&p3, nullptr, productor, &rq);pthread_create(&c1, nullptr, consumer, &rq);pthread_create(&c2, nullptr, consumer, &rq);pthread_create(&c3, nullptr, consumer, &rq);pthread_join(c1, nullptr);pthread_join(c2, nullptr);pthread_join(c3, nullptr);pthread_join(p1, nullptr);pthread_join(p2, nullptr);pthread_join(p3, nullptr);return 0; }
线程池（封装任务）
makefile
CC=g++ FLAGS=-std=c++11 LD=-lpthread bin=threadpool src=ThreadPoolTest.cc$(bin):$(src)$(CC) -o $@ $^ $(LD) $(FLAGS) .PHONY:clean clean:rm -f $(bin)Lock.hpp（RAII）
#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <pthread.h>class Mutex { public:Mutex(){pthread_mutex_init(&lock_, nullptr);}void lock(){pthread_mutex_lock(&lock_);}void unlock(){pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock_);}~Mutex(){pthread_mutex_destroy(&lock_);}private:pthread_mutex_t lock_; };class LockGuard { public:LockGuard(Mutex *mutex) : mutex_(mutex){mutex_->lock();std::cout << "加锁成功..." << std::endl;}~LockGuard(){mutex_->unlock();std::cout << "解锁成功...." << std::endl;}private:Mutex *mutex_; };Log.hpp
#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <ctime> #include <pthread.h>std::ostream &Log() {std::cout << "Fot Debug |" << " timestamp: " << (uint64_t)time(nullptr) << " | " << " Thread[" << pthread_self() << "] | ";return std::cout; }Task.hpp
#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <string>class Task { public:Task() : elemOne_(0), elemTwo_(0), operator_('0'){}Task(int one, int two, char op) : elemOne_(one), elemTwo_(two), operator_(op){}int operator() (){return run();}int run(){int result = 0;switch (operator_){case '+':result = elemOne_ + elemTwo_;break;case '-':result = elemOne_ - elemTwo_;break;case '*':result = elemOne_ * elemTwo_;break;case '/':{if (elemTwo_ == 0){std::cout << "div zero, abort" << std::endl;result = -1;}else{result = elemOne_ / elemTwo_;}}break;case '%':{if (elemTwo_ == 0){std::cout << "mod zero, abort" << std::endl;result = -1;}else{result = elemOne_ % elemTwo_;}}break;default:std::cout << "非法操作: " << operator_ << std::endl;break;}return result;}int get(int *e1, int *e2, char *op){*e1 = elemOne_;*e2 = elemTwo_;*op = operator_;} private:int elemOne_;int elemTwo_;char operator_; };ThreadPool.hpp
#pragma once#include <iostream> #include <cassert> #include <queue> #include <memory> #include <cstdlib> #include <pthread.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/prctl.h> #include "Log.hpp" #include "Lock.hpp"using namespace std;int gThreadNum = 5;template <class T> class ThreadPool { private:ThreadPool(int threadNum = gThreadNum) : threadNum_(threadNum), isStart_(false){assert(threadNum_ > 0);pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, nullptr);pthread_cond_init(&cond_, nullptr);}ThreadPool(const ThreadPool<T> &) = delete;void operator=(const ThreadPool<T>&) = delete;public:static ThreadPool<T> *getInstance(){static Mutex mutex;if (nullptr == instance) //仅仅是过滤重复的判断{LockGuard lockguard(&mutex); //进入代码块，加锁。退出代码块，自动解锁if (nullptr == instance){instance = new ThreadPool<T>();}}return instance;}//类内成员, 成员函数，都有默认参数thisstatic void *threadRoutine(void *args){pthread_detach(pthread_self());ThreadPool<T> *tp = static_cast<ThreadPool<T> *>(args);prctl(PR_SET_NAME, "follower");while (1){tp->lockQueue();while (!tp->haveTask()){tp->waitForTask();}//这个任务就被拿到了线程的上下文中T t = tp->pop();tp->unlockQueue();// for debugint one, two;char oper;t.get(&one, &two, &oper);//规定，所有的任务都必须有一个run方法Log() << "新线程完成计算任务: " << one << oper << two << "=" << t.run() << "\n";}}void start(){assert(!isStart_);for (int i = 0; i < threadNum_; i++){pthread_t temp;pthread_create(&temp, nullptr, threadRoutine, this);}isStart_ = true;}void push(const T &in){lockQueue();taskQueue_.push(in);choiceThreadForHandler();unlockQueue();}~ThreadPool(){pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_);pthread_cond_destroy(&cond_);}private:void lockQueue() { pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_); }void unlockQueue() { pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_); }bool haveTask() { return !taskQueue_.empty(); }void waitForTask() { pthread_cond_wait(&cond_, &mutex_); }void choiceThreadForHandler() { pthread_cond_signal(&cond_); }T pop(){T temp = taskQueue_.front();taskQueue_.pop();return temp;}private:bool isStart_;int threadNum_;queue<T> taskQueue_;pthread_mutex_t mutex_;pthread_cond_t cond_;static ThreadPool<T> *instance;// const static int a = 100; };template <class T> ThreadPool<T> *ThreadPool<T>::instance = nullptr;ThreadPoolTest.cc
#include "ThreadPool.hpp" #include "Task.hpp" #include <ctime> #include <thread>// 如何对一个线程进行封装, 线程需要一个回调函数，支持lambda // class tread{ // };int main() {prctl(PR_SET_NAME, "master");const string operators = "+/*/%";// unique_ptr<ThreadPool<Task> > tp(new ThreadPool<Task>());unique_ptr<ThreadPool<Task> > tp(ThreadPool<Task>::getInstance());tp->start();srand((unsigned long)time(nullptr) ^ getpid() ^ pthread_self());// 派发任务的线程while(true){int one = rand()%50;int two = rand()%10;char oper = operators[rand()%operators.size()];Log() << "主线程派发计算任务: " << one << oper << two << "=?" << "\n";Task t(one, two, oper);tp->push(t);sleep(1);} }