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网站推广连接怎么做的,windows10网站建设,如何理解网络营销环境,怎样快速学好网站建设目录立方体绘制基本原理立方体的顶点坐标和绘制顺序立方体颜色和着色器实现效果和参考代码立方体绘制基本原理一个立方体是由8个顶点组成，共6个面，所以绘制立方体本质上就是绘制这6个面共12个三角形顶点的坐标体系如下图所示，三维坐标…

static GLfloat vertices[] = {// 位置           // 颜色-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,  // 左下后 红色0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,  // 右下后 绿色0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  // 右上后 蓝色-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,  // 左上后 黄色-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,  // 左下前 青色0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  // 右下前 品红0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,  // 右上前 灰色-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f   // 左上前 白色
};// 立方体索引数据
static GLuint indices[] = {// 后面0, 1, 2,2, 3, 0,// 前面4, 5, 6,6, 7, 4,// 左面0, 4, 7,7, 3, 0,// 右面1, 5, 6,6, 2, 1,// 底面0, 1, 5,5, 4, 0,// 顶面3, 2, 6,6, 7, 3
};

在这里vertices定义不同的顶点，indices数组中表示不同顶点的绘制顺序，每三个顶点构成一个三角形，最后由 glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES,36,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,0);每三个顶点为一组绘制共12个三角形，不同的面和顶点的绑定关系如下：
Front
Back
Bottom
Top
Left
Right

立方体颜色和着色器

这里为立方体的每个顶点定义不同的颜色，同时在VertexShader中将颜色传递给FragmentShader,这样 FragmentShader会得到经过插值后的每个片元的颜色，并将这个颜色设置为最终的显示，实现的是一个渐变色的效果，shader 程序如下：

static const char* vertexShaderSource ="#version 300 es                            \n""precision mediump float;\n""uniform mat4 u_mvpMatrix;                   \n""layout(location = 0) in vec3 a_position;   \n""layout(location = 1) in vec3 a_color;      \n""out vec3 v_color;                          \n""void main() {\n""    gl_Position = u_mvpMatrix*vec4(a_position,1.0);\n""    v_color = a_color;                     \n""}\n";// Fragment Shader source code
static const char* fragmentShaderSource ="#version 300 es                            \n""precision mediump float;\n""layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;             \n""in vec3 v_color;           \n""void main() {\n""   outColor = vec4(v_color, 1.0);\n""}\n";

实现效果和参考代码

最终实现效果：
CubeEffectct01
CubeEffect02

参考代码如下：

Note: 这里还使用了ModeViewProject Matrix实现了旋转的效果，同时使用VAO,VBO,EBO实现了对顶点内容和顶点Index的缓冲

typedef struct {GLuint programObject;GLuint vboIds[2];GLuint vaoId;uint64_t timeInMiliSeconds;GLint   mvpLoc;GLfloat   angle;GLint  deltaTime;ESMatrix  mvpMatrix;
} UserData;static GLfloat vertices[] = {// 位置           // 颜色-0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,  // 左下后 红色0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,  // 右下后 绿色0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  // 右上后 蓝色-0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,  // 左上后 黄色-0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,  // 左下前 青色0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,  // 右下前 品红0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f,  // 右上前 灰色-0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f   // 左上前 白色
};// 立方体索引数据
static GLuint indices[] = {// 后面0, 1, 2,2, 3, 0,// 前面4, 5, 6,6, 7, 4,// 左面0, 4, 7,7, 3, 0,// 右面1, 5, 6,6, 2, 1,// 底面0, 1, 5,5, 4, 0,// 顶面3, 2, 6,6, 7, 3
};static const char* vertexShaderSource ="#version 300 es                            \n""precision mediump float;\n""uniform mat4 u_mvpMatrix;                   \n""layout(location = 0) in vec3 a_position;   \n""layout(location = 1) in vec3 a_color;      \n""out vec3 v_color;                          \n""void main() {\n""    gl_Position = u_mvpMatrix*vec4(a_position,1.0);\n""    v_color = a_color;                     \n""}\n";// Fragment Shader source code
static const char* fragmentShaderSource ="#version 300 es                            \n""precision mediump float;\n""layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;             \n""in vec3 v_color;           \n""void main() {\n""   outColor = vec4(v_color, 1.0);\n""}\n";static int initInternal(ESContext* esContext) {UserData *userData = esContext->userData;// Vertex Shader source codeGLuint programObject = esLoadProgram(vertexShaderSource, fragmentShaderSource);if (programObject == 0) {return GL_FALSE;}// turn on depth testglEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);// Store the program objectuserData->programObject = programObject;userData->vboIds[0] =  userData->vboIds[1] = 0;userData->mvpLoc = glGetUniformLocation(userData->programObject, "u_mvpMatrix");userData->angle = 0.0f;return GL_TRUE;
}static void uMVPMatrixUpdateRotate(ESContext *esContext, GLuint deltaTime)
{UserData *userData = esContext->userData;ESMatrix perspective;ESMatrix modelview;float    aspect;userData->angle +=  1.0f;if (userData->angle >= 360.0f) {userData->angle -= 360.0f;}aspect = (GLfloat) esContext->width / (GLfloat) esContext->height;esMatrixLoadIdentity(&perspective);esMatrixLoadIdentity(&modelview);esPerspective(&perspective, 45.0f, aspect, 1.0f, 10.0f);esTranslate(&modelview, 0.0, 0.0, -4.0);esRotate(&modelview, userData->angle, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);esMatrixMultiply(&userData->mvpMatrix, &modelview, &perspective);
}static void DrawPrimitiveWithVBOs(ESContext *esContext)
{UserData *userData = esContext->userData;GLuint   offset = 0;// vboIds[0] - used to store vertex attribute data// vboIds[l] - used to store element indicesif (userData->vboIds[0] == 0 && userData->vboIds[1] == 0) {// Only allocate on the first drawglGenBuffers(2, userData->vboIds);glGenVertexArrays(1, &userData->vaoId);printf("gen vbo id:%d %d vao id:%d.\n",userData->vboIds[0],userData->vboIds[1],userData->vaoId);glBindVertexArray(userData->vaoId);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, userData->vboIds[0]);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3,GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6*sizeof(GLfloat) , NULL);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6*sizeof(GLfloat) ,(void*)(3*sizeof(GLfloat)));glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);// notice using GL_ARRAY_BUFFERglBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, userData->vboIds[1]);glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER,sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);glBindVertexArray(0);}glBindVertexArray(userData->vaoId);glUniformMatrix4fv(userData->mvpLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, (GLfloat *)&userData->mvpMatrix.m[0][0]);glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES,36,GL_UNSIGNED_INT,0);glBindVertexArray(0);
}static int drawLoopInternal(ESContext* esContext) {UserData *userData = esContext->userData;struct timespec currentts;clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &currentts);uint64_t milliseconds = currentts.tv_sec * 1000LL + currentts.tv_nsec / 1000000;int periodInMs = milliseconds - userData->timeInMiliSeconds;userData->timeInMiliSeconds = milliseconds;userData->deltaTime++;//printf("current time in milliseconds %lld period:%d\n",milliseconds, (periodInMs > 0 ? periodInMs: -1));// Set the viewportglViewport(0, 0, 640, 480);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);glUseProgram(userData->programObject);uMVPMatrixUpdateRotate(esContext,userData->deltaTime);DrawPrimitiveWithVBOs(esContext);// Swap bufferseglSwapBuffers(esContext->eglDisplay, esContext->eglSurface);
}static int cleanupInternal(ESContext* esContext) {printf("%s enter!.\n",__FUNCTION__);UserData *userData = esContext->userData;glDeleteProgram(userData->programObject);eglDestroySurface(esContext->eglDisplay, esContext->eglSurface);eglDestroyContext(esContext->eglDisplay, esContext->eglContext);eglTerminate(esContext->eglDisplay);XDestroyWindow(esContext->x_display, esContext->win);XCloseDisplay(esContext->x_display);return GL_TRUE;
}int testbasicDrawCube(ESContext* esContext) {printf("%s enter!.\n", __FUNCTION__);esContext->userData = (UserData*)malloc(sizeof(UserData));esCreateWindow(esContext, esContext->testcaseName,640, 480, ES_WINDOW_DEPTH);initInternal(esContext);while (1) {XEvent xev;while (XPending(esContext->x_display)) {XNextEvent(esContext->x_display, &xev);if (xev.type == KeyPress) {cleanupInternal(esContext);}}drawLoopInternal(esContext);}
}