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链表和任务管理是freertos 的核心，先分析链表源码，freertos的链表是双向环形链表，定义与数据结构在list.h中，表项的初始化，插入与删除在list.c中。
数据结构

一、表项数据结构

struct xLIST_ITEM
{listFIRST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUEconfigLIST_VOLATILE TickType_t xItemValue;struct xLIST_ITEM * configLIST_VOLATILE pxNext;struct xLIST_ITEM * configLIST_VOLATILE pxPrevious;                                                                                            void * pvOwner;struct xLIST * configLIST_VOLATILE pxContainer;listSECOND_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE
};
typedef struct xLIST_ITEM ListItem_t;

 listFIRST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUElistSECOND_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE

这两个是校验数据

    #if ( configUSE_LIST_DATA_INTEGRITY_CHECK_BYTES == 0 )#define listFIRST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE#define listSECOND_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE     #else#define listFIRST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE     TickType_t xListItemIntegrityValue1;#define listSECOND_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE    TickType_t xListItemIntegrityValue2;#endif

不需要的情况下宏展开为空，需下的的情况下是据TickType_t长度变化16-32位的5a5a

 #if ( configTICK_TYPE_WIDTH_IN_BITS == TICK_TYPE_WIDTH_16_BITS )typedef uint16_t     TickType_t;#define portMAX_DELAY              ( TickType_t ) 0xffff
#elif ( configTICK_TYPE_WIDTH_IN_BITS == TICK_TYPE_WIDTH_32_BITS )typedef uint32_t     TickType_t;#define portMAX_DELAY              ( TickType_t ) 0xffffffffUL                                                                                 
#else#error configTICK_TYPE_WIDTH_IN_BITS set to unsupported tick type width.
#endif

configLIST_VOLATILE TickType_t xItemValue;

#define configLIST_VOLATILE volatile
#ifndef configLIST_VOLATILE#define configLIST_VOLATILE
#endif

在调度任务时，插入表项的依据值，可以为运行时间什么的

   struct xLIST_ITEM * configLIST_VOLATILE pxNext;

指向下一表项

struct xLIST_ITEM * configLIST_VOLATILE pxPrevious;        

指向前一表项

void * pvOwner;

指向该表项的指针

struct xLIST * configLIST_VOLATILE pxContainer;

指向拥有该表项的链表。

二、链表数据结构

typedef struct xLIST
{listFIRST_LIST_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUEvolatile UBaseType_t uxNumberOfItems;ListItem_t * configLIST_VOLATILE pxIndex;MiniListItem_t xListEnd;listSECOND_LIST_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUE
} List_t;   

分解

volatile UBaseType_t   uxNumberOfItems;
typedef unsigned long    UBaseType_t;

表项数目

ListItem_t * configLIST_VOLATILE pxIndex;

表项索引

MiniListItem_t xListEnd;

表尾，若定义configUSE_MINI_LIST_ITEM ，使用缩减表项数据结构，否则还是表项的数据结构，参考以下

#if ( configUSE_MINI_LIST_ITEM == 1 ) struct xMINI_LIST_ITEM{   listFIRST_LIST_ITEM_INTEGRITY_CHECK_VALUEconfigLIST_VOLATILE TickType_t xItemValue;struct xLIST_ITEM * configLIST_VOLATILE pxNext;struct xLIST_ITEM * configLIST_VOLATILE pxPrevious;};  typedef struct xMINI_LIST_ITEM MiniListItem_t;
#elsetypedef struct xLIST_ITEM      MiniListItem_t;
#endif