前言

一些字符在 HTML 中是预留的,拥有特殊的含义,比如小于号‘<’用于定义 HTML 标签的开始。如果我们希望浏览器正确地显示这些字符,我们必须在 HTML 源码中插入字符实体。
字符实体有三部分:一个和号‘&’和一个实体名称(或者一个‘#’ 和一个实体编号),以及一个分号‘;’。
要在 HTML 文档中显示小于号,我们需要这样写:< 或者‘<’最后的效果则是<。
使用实体名称而不是实体编号的好处在于,名称相对来说更容易记忆。而这么做的坏处是,并不是所有的浏览器都支持最新的实体名称,然而几乎所有的浏览器对实体编号的支持都很好。
注意:实体对大小写敏感。
一、HTML 特殊字符
| HTML实体 | 字符 | 实体编号 | 描述 | CSS (ISO) | JS (Octal) |
| " | " | " | 引号 | \0022 | \42 |
| # | # | # | 数字符号 | \0023 | \43 |
| $ | $ | $ | 美元符号 | \0024 | \44 |
| % | % | % | 百分号 | \0025 | \45 |
| & | & | & | 和号 | \0026 | \46 |
| ' | ' | ' | 撇号 | \0027 | \47 |
| ( | ( | ( | 左括号 | \0028 | \50 |
| ) | ) | ) | 右括号 | \0029 | \51 |
| * | * | * | 星号 | \002a | \52 |
| + | + | + | 加号 | \002b | \53 |
| , | , | , | 逗号 | \002c | \54 |
| − | - | - | 连字符减号 | \002d | \55 |
| . | . | . | 句号 | \002e | \56 |
| / | / | / | 固相线 | \002f | \57 |
| : | : | : | 冒号 | \003a | \72 |
| ; | ; | ; | 分号 | \003b | \73 |
| < | < | < | 少于 | \003c | \74 |
| = | = | = | 等于 | \003d | \75 |
| > | > | > | 大于号 | \003e | \76 |
| ? | ? | ? | 问号 | \003f | \77 |
| @ | @ | @ | 在标志处 | \0040 | \100 |
| [ | [ | [ | 左方括号 | \005b | \133 |
| \ | \ | \ | 反斜杠 | \005c | \134 |
| ] | ] | ] | 右方括号 | \005d | \135 |
| ^ | ^ | ^ | 抑扬顿挫 | \005e | \136 |
| _ | _ | _ | 低线 | \005f | \137 |
| ` | ` | ` | 重音 | \0060 | \u0060 |
| { | { | { | 左大括号 | \007b | \173 |
| | | | | | | 竖线 | \007c | \174 |
| } | } | } | 右大括号 | \007d | \175 |
| ~ | ~ | 波浪号 | \007e | \176 |
二、HTML 拉丁语
| HTML实体 | 字符 | 实体编号 | 描述 | CSS (ISO) | JS (Octal) |
| | |   | no-break space | \00a0 | \240 |
| ¡ | ¡ | ¡ | inverted exclamation mark | \00a1 | \241 |
| ¢ | ¢ | ¢ | cent sign | \00a2 | \242 |
| £ | £ | £ | pound sterling sign | \00a3 | \243 |
| ¤ | ¤ | ¤ | general currency sign | \00a4 | \244 |
| ¥ | ¥ | ¥ | yen sign | \00a5 | \245 |
| ₹ | ₹ | ₹ | Indian Rupee (INR) sign | \20B9 | \u20B9 |
| ¦ | ¦ | ¦ | broken (vertical) bar | \00a6 | \246 |
| § | § | § | section sign | \00a7 | \247 |
| ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | umlaut (dieresis) | \00a8 | \250 |
| © | © | © | copyright sign | \00a9 | \251 |
| ª | ª | ª | ordinal indicator, feminine | \00aa | \252 |
| « | « | « | angle quotation mark, left | \00ab | \253 |
| ¬ | ¬ | ¬ | not sign | \00ac | \254 |
| ­ | | ­ | soft hyphen | \00ad | \255 |
| ® | ® | ® | registered sign | \00ae | \256 |
| ¯ | ¯ | ¯ | macron | \00af | \257 |
| ° | ° | ° | degree sign | \00b0 | \260 |
| ± | ± | ± | plus-or-minus sign | \00b1 | \261 |
| ² | ² | ² | superscript two | \00b2 | \262 |
| ³ | ³ | ³ | superscript three | \00b3 | \263 |
| ´ | ´ | ´ | acute accent | \00b4 | \264 |
| µ | µ | µ | micro sign | \00b5 | \265 |
| ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | pilcrow (paragraph sign) | \00b6 | \266 |
| · | · | · | middle dot | \00b7 | \267 |
| ¸ | ¸ | ¸ | cedilla | \00b8 | \270 |
| ¹ | ¹ | ¹ | superscript one | \00b9 | \271 |
| º | º | º | ordinal indicator, masculine | \00ba | \272 |
| » | » | » | angle quotation mark, right | \00bb | \273 |
| ¼ | ¼ | ¼ | fraction one-quarter | \00bc | \274 |
| ½ | ½ | ½ | fraction one-half | \00bd | \275 |
| ¾ | ¾ | ¾ | fraction three-quarters | \00be | \276 |
| ¿ | ¿ | ¿ | inverted question mark | \00bf | \277 |
| À | À | À | capital A, grave accent | \00c0 | \300 |
| Á | Á | Á | capital A, acute accent | \00c1 | \301 |
| Â | Â | Â ; | capital A, circumflex accent | \00c2 | \302 |
| Ã | Ã | Ã | capital A, tilde | \00c3 | \303 |
| Ä | Ä | Ä | capital A, dieresis or umlaut mark | \00c4 | \304 |
| Å | Å | Å | capital A, ring | \00c5 | \305 |
| Æ | Æ | Æ | capital AE diphthong (ligature) | \00c6 | \306 |
| Ç | Ç | Ç | capital C, cedilla | \00c7 | \307 |
| È | È | È | capital E, grave accent | \00c8 | \310 |
| É | É | É | capital E, acute accent | \00c9 | \311 |
| Ê | Ê | Ê | capital E, circumflex accent | \00ca | \312 |
| Ë | Ë | Ë | capital E, dieresis or umlaut mark | \00cb | \313 |
| Ì | Ì | Ì | capital I, grave accent | \00cc | \314 |
| Í | Í | Í | capital I, acute accent | \00cd | \315 |
| Î | Î | Î | capital I, circumflex accent | \00ce | \316 |
| Ï | Ï | Ï | capital I, dieresis or umlaut mark | \00cf | \317 |
| Ð | Ð | Ð | capital Eth, Icelandic | \00d0 | \320 |
| Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | capital N, tilde | \00d1 | \321 |
| Ò | Ò | Ò | capital O, grave accent | \00d2 | \322 |
| Ó | Ó | Ó | capital O, acute accent | \00d3 | \323 |
| Ô | Ô | Ô | capital O, circumflex accent | \00d4 | \324 |
| Õ | Õ | Õ | capital O, tilde | \00d5 | \325 |
| Ö | Ö | Ö | capital O, dieresis or umlaut mark | \00d6 | \326 |
| × | × | × | multiply sign | \00d7 | \327 |
| Ø | Ø | Ø | capital O, slash | \00d8 | \330 |
| Ù | Ù | Ù | capital U, grave accent | \00d9 | \331 |
| Ú | Ú | Ú | capital U, acute accent | \00da | \332 |
| Û | Û | Û | capital U, circumflex accent | \00db | \333 |
| Ü | Ü | Ü | capital U, dieresis or umlaut mark | \00dc | \334 |
| Ý | Ý | Ý | capital Y, acute accent | \00dd | \335 |
| Þ | Þ | Þ | capital THORN, Icelandic | \00de | \336 |
| ß | ß | ß | small sharp s, German (sz ligature) | \00df | \337 |
| à | à | à | small a, grave accent | \00e0 | \340 |
| á | á | á | small a, acute accent | \00e1 | \341 |
| â | â | â | small a, circumflex accent | \00e2 | \342 |
| ã | ã | ã | small a, tilde | \00e3 | \343 |
| ä | ä | ä | small a, dieresis or umlaut mark | \00e4 | \344 |
| å | å | å | small a, ring | \00e5 | \345 |
| æ | æ | æ | small ae diphthong (ligature) | \00e6 | \346 |
| ç | ç | ç | small c, cedilla | \00e7 | \347 |
| è | è | è | small e, grave accent | \00e8 | \350 |
| é | é | é | small e, acute accent | \00e9 | \351 |
| ê | ê | ê | small e, circumflex accent | \00ea | \352 |
| ë | ë | ë | small e, dieresis or umlaut mark | \00eb | \353 |
| ì | ì | ì | small i, grave accent | \00ec | \354 |
| í | í | í | small i, acute accent | \00ed | \355 |
| î | î | î | small i, circumflex accent | \00ee | \356 |
| ï | ï | ï | small i, dieresis or umlaut mark | \00ef | \357 |
| ð | ð | ð | small eth, Icelandic | \00f0 | \360 |
| ñ | ñ | ñ | small n, tilde | \00f1 | \361 |
| ò | ò | ò | small o, grave accent | \00f2 | \362 |
| ó | ó | ó | small o, acute accent | \00f3 | \363 |
| ô | ô | ô | small o, circumflex accent | \00f4 | \364 |
| õ | õ | õ | small o, tilde | \00f5 | \365 |
| ö | ö | ö | small o, dieresis or umlaut mark | \00f6 | \366 |
| ÷ | ÷ | ÷ | divide sign | \00f7 | \367 |
| ø | ø | ø | small o, slash | \00f8 | \370 |
| ù | ù | ù | small u, grave accent | \00f9 | \371 |
| ú | ú | ú | small u, acute accent | \00fa | \372 |
| û | û | û | small u, circumflex accent | \00fb | \373 |
| ü | ü | ü | small u, dieresis or umlaut mark | \00fc | \374 |
| ý | ý | ý | small y, acute accent | \00fd | \375 |
| þ | þ | þ | small thorn, Icelandic | \00fe | \376 |
| ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | small y, dieresis or umlaut mark | \00ff | \377 |
| Œ | Œ | Œ | latin capital ligature oe | \0152 | \u0152 |
| œ | œ | œ | latin small ligature oe | \0153 | \u0153 |
| Š | Š | Š | latin capital letter s with caron | \0160 | \u0160 |
| š | š | š | latin small letter s with caron | \0161 | \u0161 |
| Ÿ | Ÿ | Ÿ | latin capital letter y with diaeresis | \0178 | \u0178 |
| ƒ | ƒ | ƒ | latin small f with hook | \0192 | \u0192 |
三、HTML 希腊语
| HTML实体 | 字符 | 实体编号 | 描述 | CSS (ISO) | JS (Octal) |
| Α | Α | Α | greek capital letter alpha | \0391 | \u0391 |
| Β | Β | Β | greek capital letter beta | \0392 | \u0392 |
| Γ | Γ | Γ | greek capital letter gamma | \0393 | \u0395 |
| Δ | Δ | Δ | greek capital letter delta | \0394 | \u0394 |
| Ε | Ε | Ε | greek capital letter epsilon | \0395 | \u0395 |
| Ζ | Ζ | Ζ | greek capital letter zeta | \0396 | \u0396 |
| Η | Η | Η | greek capital letter eta | \0397 | \u0397 |
| Θ | Θ | Θ | greek capital letter theta | \0398 | \u0398 |
| Ι | Ι | Ι | greek capital letter iota | \0399 | \u0399 |
| Κ | Κ | Κ | greek capital letter kappa | \039a | \u039a |
| Λ | Λ | Λ | greek capital letter lambda | \039b | \u039b |
| Μ | Μ | Μ | greek capital letter mu | \039c | \u039c |
| Ν | Ν | Ν | greek capital letter nu | \039d | \u039D |
| Ξ | Ξ | Ξ | greek capital letter xi | \039e | \u039e |
| Ο | Ο | Ο | greek capital letter omicron | \039f | \u039f |
| Π | Π | Π | greek capital letter pi | \03a0 | \u03a0 |
| Ρ | Ρ | Ρ | greek capital letter rho | \03a1 | \u03a1 |
| Σ | Σ | Σ | greek capital letter sigma | \03a3 | \u03A3 |
| Τ | Τ | Τ | greek capital letter tau | \03a4 | \u03A4 |
| Υ | Υ | Υ | greek capital letter upsilon | \03a5 | \u03A5 |
| Φ | Φ | Φ | greek capital letter phi | \03a6 | \u03A6 |
| Χ | Χ | Χ | greek capital letter chi | \03a7 | \u03A7 |
| Ψ | Ψ | Ψ | greek capital letter psi | \03a8 | \u03A8 |
| Ω | Ω | Ω | greek capital letter omega | \03a9 | \u03A9 |
| α | α | α | greek small letter alpha | \03b1 | \u03b1 |
| β | β | β | greek small letter beta | \03b2 | \u03b2 |
| γ | γ | γ | greek small letter gamma | \03b3 | \u03b3 |
| δ | δ | δ | greek small letter delta | \03b4 | \u03b4 |
| ε | ε | ε | greek small letter epsilon | \03b5 | \u03b5 |
| ζ | ζ | ζ | greek small letter zeta | \03b6 | \u03b6 |
| η | η | η | greek small letter eta | \03b7 | \u03b7 |
| θ | θ | θ | greek small letter theta | \03b8 | \u03b8 |
| ι | ι | ι | greek small letter iota | \03b9 | \u03b9 |
| κ | κ | κ | greek small letter kappa | \03ba | \u03ba |
| λ | λ | λ | greek small letter lambda | \03bb | \u03bb |
| μ | μ | μ | greek small letter mu | \03bc | \u03bc |
| ν | ν | ν | greek small letter nu | \03bd | \u03bd |
| ξ | ξ | ξ | greek small letter xi | \03be | \u03be |
| ο | ο | ο | greek small letter omicron | \03bf | \u03bf |
| π | π | π | greek small letter pi | \03c0 | \u03c0 |
| ρ | ρ | ρ | greek small letter rho | \03c1 | \u03c1 |
| ς | ς | ς | greek small letter final sigma | \03C2 | \u03c2 |
| σ | σ | σ | greek small letter sigma | \03C3 | \u03c3 |
| τ | τ | τ | greek small letter tau | \03C4 | \u03c4 |
| υ | υ | υ | greek small letter upsilon | \03C5 | \u03c5 |
| φ | φ | φ | greek small letter phi | \03C6 | \03c6 |
| χ | χ | χ | greek small letter chi | \03C7 | \u03c7 |
| ψ | ψ | ψ | greek small letter psi | \03C8 | \u03c8 |
| ω | ω | ω | greek small letter omega | \03C9 | \u03c9 |
| ϑ | ϑ | ϑ | greek small letter theta symbol | \03D1 | \u03D1 |
| ϒ | ϒ | ϒ | greek upsilon with hook symbol | \03D2 | \u03D2 |
| ϖ | ϖ | ϖ | greek pi symbol | \03D6 | \u03D6 |
四、HTML 标点符号
| HTML实体 | 字符 | 实体编号 | 描述 | CSS (ISO) | JS (Octal) |
|   | |   | en space | \2002 | \u2002 |
|   | |   | em space | \2003 | \u2003 |
|   | |   | thin space | \2009 | \u2009 |
| ‌ | | ‌ | zero width non-joiner | \200C | \u200C |
| ‍ | | ‍ | zero width joiner | \200D | \u200d |
| ‎ | | ‎ | left-to-right mark | \200E | \u200e |
| ‏ | | ‏ | right-to-left mark | \200F | \u200f |
| – | – | – | en dash | \2013 | \u2013 |
| — | — | — | em dash | \2014 | \u2014 |
| ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | left single quotation mark | \2018 | \u2018 |
| ’ | ’ | ’ | right single quotation mark | \2019 | \u2019 |
| ‚ | ‚ | ‚ | single low-9 quotation mark | \201A | \u201a |
| “ | “ | “ | left double quotation mark | \201C | \u201c |
| ” | ” | ” | right double quotation mark | \201D | \u201d |
| „ | „ | „ | double low-9 quotation mark | \201E | \u201e |
| † | † | † | dagger | \2020 | \u2020 |
| ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | double dagger | \2021 | \u2021 |
| ‰ | ‰ | ‰ | per mille sign | \2030 | \u2030 |
| ‹ | ‹ | ‹ | single left-pointing angle quotation mark | \2039 | \u2039 |
| › | › | › | single right-pointing angle quotation mark | \203A | \u203a |
| • | • | • | bullet, aka. black small circle | \2022 | \u2219 |
| … | … | … | horizontal ellipsis, aka three dot leader | \2026 | \u2026 |
| ′ | ′ | ′ | prime, aka minutes, aka feet | \2032 | \u2032 |
| ″ | ″ | ″ | double prime, aka seconds, aka inches | \2033 | \u2033 |
| ‾ | ‾ | ‾ | overline, aka spacing overscore | \203E | \u203e |
| ⁄ | ⁄ | ⁄ | fraction slash | \2044 | \u8260 |
五、HTML 箭头
| HTML实体 | 字符 | 实体编号 | 描述 | CSS (ISO) | JS (Octal) |
| ← | ← | ← | 向左箭头 | \2190 | \u2190 |
| ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | 向上箭头 | \2191 | \u2191 |
| → | → | → | 向右箭头 | \2192 | \u2192 |
| ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | 向下箭头 | \2193 | \u2193 |
| ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | 左右双向箭头 | \2194 | \u2194 |
| ↵ | ↵ | ↵ | 回车箭头 | \21B5 | \u21b5 |
| ⇐ | ⇐ | ⇐ | 向左的双箭头 | \21D0 | \u21d0 |
| ⇑ | ⇑ | ⇑ | 向上的双箭头 | \21D1 | \u21d1 |
| ⇒ | ⇒ | ⇒ | 向右的双箭头 | \21D2 | \u21d2 |
| ⇓ | ⇓ | ⇓ | 向下的双箭头 | \21D3 | \ud1d3 |
| ⇔ | ⇔ | ⇔ | 左右双向的双箭头 | \21D4 | \u21d4 |
| ◄ | ◄ | 向左的黑色实心箭头 | \25C0 | \u25c0 |
| ► | ► | 向右的黑色实心箭头 | \25b6 | \u25b6 |
| ▲ | ▲ | 向上的黑色实心箭头 | \25b2 | \25b2 |
| ▼ | ▼ | 向下的黑色实心箭头 | \25bc | \25bc |
六、HTML 数学运算符
| HTML实体 | 字符 | 实体编号 | 描述 | CSS (ISO) | JS (Octal) |
| ∀ | ∀ | ∀ | for all | \2200 | \u2200 |
| ∂ | ∂ | ∂ | partial differential | \2202 | \u2202 |
| ∃ | ∃ | ∃ | there exists | \2203 | \u2203 |
| ∅ | ∅ | ∅ | empty set, aka null set, aka diameter | \2205 | \u2205 |
| ∇ | ∇ | ∇ | nabla, aka bakad difference | \2207 | \u2207 |
| ∈ | ∈ | ∈ | element of | \2208 | \u2208 |
| ∉ | ∉ | ∉ | not an element of | \2209 | \u2209 |
| ∋ | ∋ | ∋ | contains as member | \220B | \u220b |
| ∏ | ∏ | ∏ | n-ary product, aka product sign | \220F | \u03a0 |
| ∑ | ∑ | ∑ | n-ary sumation | \2211 | \u03a3 |
| − | − | − | minus sign | \2212 | \u2212 |
| ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | asterisk operator | \2217 | \u2217 |
| √ | √ | √ | square root, aka radical sign | \221A | \u221a |
| ∝ | ∝ | ∝ | proportional to | \221D | \u221d |
| ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | infinity | \221E | \u221e |
| ∠ | ∠ | ∠ | angle | \2220 | \u2220 |
| ∧ | ⊥ | ⊥ | logical and, aka wedge | \2227 | \u2227 |
| ∨ | ⊦ | ⊦ | logical or, aka vee | \2228 | \u2228 |
| ∩ | ∩ | ∩ | intersection, aka cap | \2229 | \u2229 |
| ∪ | ∪ | ∪ | union, aka cup | \222A | \u222a |
| ∫ | ∫ | ∫ | integral | \222B | \u222b |
| ∴ | ∴ | ∴ | therefore | \2234 | \u2234 |
| ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | tilde | \223C | \u223c |
| ≅ | ≅ | ≅ | approximately equal to | \2245 | \u2245 |
| ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | almost equal to, aka asymptotic to | \2248 | \u2248 |
| ≠ | ≠ | ≠ | not equal to | \2260 | \u2260 |
| ≡ | ≡ | ≡ | identical to | \2261 | \u2261 |
| ≤ | ≤ | ≤ | less-than or equal to | \2264 | \u2264 |
| ≥ | ≥ | ≥ | greater-than or equal to | \2265 | \u2265 |
| ⊂ | ⊂ | ⊂ | subset of | \2282 | \u2282 |
| ⊃ | ⊃ | ⊃ | superset of | \2283 | \u2283 |
| ⊄ | ⊄ | ⊄ | not a subset of | \2284 | \u2284 |
| ⊆ | ⊆ | ⊆ | subset of or equal to | \2286 | \u2286 |
| ⊇ | ⊇ | ⊇ | superset of or equal to | \2287 | \u2287 |
| ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊕ | circled plus, aka direct sum | \2295 | \u2295 |
| ⊗ | ⊗ | ⊗ | circled times, aka vector product | \2297 | \u2297 |
| ⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | up tack | \22A5 | \u22a5 |
| ⋅ | ⋅ | ⋅ | dot operator | \22C5 | \u22c5 |
七、HTML 其他
| HTML实体 | 字符 | 实体编号 | 描述 | CSS (ISO) | JS (Octal) |
| ◊ | ◊ | ◊ | 菱形 | \25CA | \u25ca |
| ♠ | ♠ | ♠ | 黑桃 | \2660 | \u2660 |
| ♣ | ♣ | ♣ | 梅花 | \2663 | \u2663 |
| ♥ | ♥ | ♥ | 黑心套装,又名情人节 | \2665 | \u2665 |
| ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | 方块 | \2666 | \u2666 |
| ℘ | ℘ | ℘ | 不知道怎么描述,看符号吧 | \2118 | \u2118 |
| ℑ | ℑ | ℑ | 不知道怎么描述,看符号吧 | \2111 | \u2111 |
| ℜ | ℜ | ℜ | 不知道怎么描述,看符号吧 | \211C | \u211c |
| ™ | ™ | ™ | 商标标志 | \2122 | \u2122 |
| ℵ | ℵ | ℵ | 不知道怎么描述,看符号吧 | \2135 | \u |
| ˆ | ˆ | | 向上的尖括号 | \02c6 | \u02c6 |
| ˜ | ˜ | | 小波浪 | \02dc | \u02dc |