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顺序结构、条件结构、循环结构#xff0c;顺序结构由自上而下的语句构成#xff0c;条件结构由if、match-case构成#xff0c;循环结构由for、while构成。
if语句
flag 1
if flag 1:print(A)
elif flag 2:print(B)
else:print(顺序结构由自上而下的语句构成条件结构由if、match-case构成循环结构由for、while构成。
if语句
flag 1
if flag 1:print(A)
elif flag 2:print(B)
else:print(C)match-case语句
结构模式匹配Python3.10引入
PEP 634 – Structural Pattern Matching: Specification
PEP 635 – Structural Pattern Matching: Motivation and Rationale
PEP 636 – Structural Pattern Matching: Tutorial
# literal pattern
def structural_pattern_matching(value):match value:case 1:print(A)case 2:print(B)case True:print(C)case False:print(D)case None:print(E)structural_pattern_matching(1)
structural_pattern_matching(2)
structural_pattern_matching(None)
structural_pattern_matching(ABC)# capture pattern
# guard是case的一部分为if语句def structural_pattern_matching(value):match value:case {sub: sub, **rest}:print(f{sub} {rest})case {route: route}:print(fROUTE: {route})structural_pattern_matching({route: /auth/login})
structural_pattern_matching({route: /auth/login, sub: {a: 1}})def go(obj):match obj:case go, [direction, num] if isinstance(num, int):print(fgo {direction} {num})case stop, *other:print(stop, *other)go([go, [east, 3]])
go([go, [east, 3]])
go([stop, 3, 2, 1])# as pattern
def structural_pattern_matching(value):match value:case [go, (north | south | east | west) as direction]:print(fgo {direction})case _:print(B)structural_pattern_matching([go, west])# or pattern
def structural_pattern_matching(value):match value:case 0 | 1 | 2:print(A)case True | False:print(B)structural_pattern_matching(1)# wildcard pattern
# 通配符匹配任意值通配符匹配必须要在最后
# SyntaxError: wildcard makes remaining patterns unreachable
def structural_pattern_matching(value):match value:case 1:print(A)case _:print(B)structural_pattern_matching(1)
structural_pattern_matching(2)# Matching builtin classes
# 可以按类型匹配
def structural_pattern_matching(obj):match obj:case str() as s:print(s)case [0, tuple() as t]:print(f{t})case list() as l:print(l)structural_pattern_matching(ooo) # ooo
structural_pattern_matching([0, (1,)]) # (1,)
structural_pattern_matching([(1,)]) # [(1,)]
structural_pattern_matching([1, 2, 3]) # [1, 2, 3]# Matching positional attributes
from dataclasses import dataclassclass Point1:__match_args__ (x, y)def __init__(self, x, y):self.x xself.y ydataclass
class Point2:x: inty: intdef structural_pattern_matching(value):match value:case Point1(x, y):print(f{x}, {y})case Point2(x, y):print(f{x}, {y})structural_pattern_matching(Point1(1, 2))
structural_pattern_matching(Point2(3, 4))for语句
for i in range(10):print(i)
else:print(break跳出不执行else)while语句
count 10
while count:count - 1print(count)# break# continue
else:print(循环正常执行完毕没有被break打断)
