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ubuntu更换软件源方法

转载部分内容：

这些bionic、main、restricted、universe、multiverse是什么意思呢，该怎么修改才对，实在是让人头大。简单了解一下：bionic是指你的ubuntu版本代号，可以用 lsb_release -c 命令查看：
ubuntu 12.04 代号为precise
ubuntu 14.04 代号为trusty
ubuntu 15.04 代号为vivid
ubuntu 15.10 代号为wily
ubuntu 16.04 代号为xenial
ubuntu18.04 代号为bionic
如果不注意这个，可能拷贝别人的sources.list文件对应的ubuntu版本和你的不一样，就出错了main、restricted、universe、multiverse的意义是：
main 即“基本”组件，其中只包含符合Ubuntu的协议要求并由Ubuntu团队维护支持的软件。
restricted 即“受限”组件，其中包含了非常重要的，但并不具有合适的自由协议的软件，如显卡驱动，同样有 ubuntu团队维护支持。
universe 即“社区维护”组件，其中包含的软件种类繁多，它们可能采用受限于协议，可能不是，但都不为ubuntu 团队维护。
multiverse 即“非自由”组件，其中包括了不符合自由软体要求而且不被Ubuntu团队支援的软件，通常为商业公司编写的软件。其实不必了解他们的具体含义，最好的方法就是不改动它们，保持原样，只改动url部分，观察到我的sources.list中，url均为：http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports
那么改为阿里云的镜像节点URL就行了：
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/可是改了以后，apt update仍然出现了很多404错误，查看错误信息才发现阿里云的镜像节点 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ 只包含x86 x64的bin，并不包含arm的bin，怎么会这样呢，难道阿里云偷懒了吗？只拷贝了PC版ubuntu需要的包？
后来才发现不是这样的，是URL路径不对，应该改为 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports重点
所以，直接生搬硬套copy网上的资料，是有可能会出问题的，最好，最简单，最靠谱的办法，就是打开你原本的/etc/apt/sources.list 只替换其中的host部分，其它部分一个字符都不要动
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
:%s/ports.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g
:wq
sudo apt updateperfect !

实验总结

实验成功的ubuntu软件源地址

装过完好ROS Kinetic 的ubuntu1604的软件源【http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/电脑格式】

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20200806)]/ xenial main restricted# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partnerdeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse

树莓派ubuntu mate软件源【http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports 其余不要动】

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
:%s/ports.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g
:wq
sudo apt update