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在Django的drf框架内的权限组件，如果遇到多个权限认证类，是需要所有的权限类都要通过验证，才能访问视图。

一、简单示例

1、per.py 自定义权限类

from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
import randomclass MyPerssion(BasePermission):# 自定义一个类变量，处理错误信息的处理# 权限校验失败，会来这里找返回信息；message = {"status":False,"msg":"无权访问"}# 模拟验证def has_permission(self, request, view):#获取请求中的数据，然后进行校验v1 = random.randint(1,3)if v1 == 2:return Trueelse:return

2、views.py

class UserView(APIView):permission_classes = [MyPerssion,]def get(self,request):print(request.user,request.auth)return Response("UserView")

3、settings.py ，如果需要全局设置，可以如下设置

REST_FRAMEWORK = {"UNAUTHENTICATED_USER": None,"UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN": None,自定义权限组件的全局配置"DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":['ext.per.MyPerssion',]
}

 二、如果存在多个认证类的情况下，实现部分认证类通过即可通过验证，就需要重写has_perssion方法，示例如下：

1、per.py  ，自定义权限类，下面模拟定义了3个权限类

'''自定义权限类'''
from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermissionclass MyPermission1(BasePermission):# 自定义一个类变量，处理错误信息的处理# 权限校验失败，会这里来返回错误信息；message = {"status":False,"msg":"无权访问1"}def has_permission(self, request, view):print("MyPermission1")return Falseclass MyPermission2(BasePermission):message = {"status": False, "msg": "无权访问2"}def has_permission(self, request, view):print("MyPermission2")return Falseclass MyPermission3(BasePermission):message = {"status": False, "msg": "无权访问3"}def has_permission(self, request, view):print("MyPermission3")return False

2、 view.py  自定义NbApiView，继承APIView，重写check_permission方法，实现多个权限类认证的关系，改为或的关系。

'''使得权限类认证之间关系是或的关系，自定义'''from rest_framework.views import APIView# 满足任意条件即可，A条件、B条件、C条件
class NbApiView(APIView):def check_permissions(self, request):# 定义一个错误列表，最后去列表中的第一个错误信息no_permission_object = []for permission in self.get_permissions():if permission.has_permission(request,self):returnelse:no_permission_object.append(permission)else:self.permission_denied(request,message=getattr(no_permission_object[0],'message',None),code=getattr(no_permission_object[0],'code',None))

3、views.py

from ext.view import NbApiView
class OrderView(NbApiView):permission_classes = [MyPermission1,MyPermission2,MyPermission3,]def get(self,request):return Response({"status":True,"data":[11,22,33,44]})

三、案例应用

有老板（boss）、经理(manager)、员工(user)三个角色， 有三个视图，分别有不同权限的人可以访问，实现方法如下：

1、models.py

class UserInfo(models.Model):'''用户表'''role = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="角色",choices=((1,"总监"),(2,"经理"),(3,"员工")),default=3)username = models.CharField(verbose_name="用户名",max_length=32)password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码",max_length=64)# 临时测试方法，token可以存放到很多地方，例如radis jwt等token = models.CharField(verbose_name="TOKEN",max_length=64,null=True,blank=True)

2、urls.py

urlpatterns = [path('login/', views.LoginView.as_view()),path('user/', views.UserView.as_view()),path('order/', views.OrderView.as_view()),path('avatar/', views.AvatarView.as_view()),
]

3、per.py

# 员工权限认证
class UserPermission(BasePermission):message = {"status":False,"msg":"无权访问"}def has_permission(self, request, view):if request.user.role == 3:return Trueelse:return False# 经理权限认证
class ManagerPermission(BasePermission):message = {"status": False, "msg": "无权访问"}def has_permission(self, request, view):if request.user.role == 2:return Trueelse:return False# 老板权限认证
class BossPermission(BasePermission):message = {"status": False, "msg": "无权访问"}def has_permission(self, request, view):if request.user.role == 1:return Trueelse:return False

4、view.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView# 满足任意条件即可，A条件、B条件、C条件
class NbApiView(APIView):def check_permissions(self, request):# 定义一个错误列表，最后去列表中的第一个错误信息no_permission_object = []for permission in self.get_permissions():if permission.has_permission(request,self):returnelse:no_permission_object.append(permission)else:self.permission_denied(request,message=getattr(no_permission_object[0],'message',None),code=getattr(no_permission_object[0],'code',None))

5、views.py

class UserView(NbApiView):# 经理、老板、员工都可以访问permission_classes = [UserPermission,ManagerPermission,BossPermission]def get(self,request):return Response({"status":True,"data":[11,22,33,44]})class OrderView(NbApiView):# 经理或者老板可以访问permission_classes = [ManagerPermission,BossPermission]def get(self,request):return Response({"status":True,"data":[11,22,33,44]})class AvatarView(NbApiView):# 老板或者员工可以访问permission_classes = [UserPermission,BossPermission]def get(self,request):return Response({"status":True,"data":[11,22,33,44]})