一、创建项目

先创建项目：create-react-app 项目名，然后换个图标，换个标题

配置jsconfig.json：这个文件在Vue通过脚手架创建项目时自动生成, React是没有自动生成, jsconfig.json是为了让vs code的代码提示更友好, 按需求决定是否配置;

{"compilerOptions": {"target": "es5","module": "esnext","baseUrl": "./","moduleResolution": "node","paths": {"@/*": ["src/*"]},"jsx": "preserve","lib": ["esnext","dom","dom.iterable","scripthost"]}
}

二、目录结构

对src文件夹的目录进行初始化：

assets: 存放静态资源 (如css, img等等)baseUI: 存放一些通用的组件, 不只是本项目, 其他项目也会使用的组件components: 存放本项目中通用的组件hooks: 自定义的hook函数router: 路由相关services: 网络请求相关stores: 状态管理, redux相关utils: 封装的工具函数views: 页面相关

三、craco配置别名并安装less

1.craco安装

1、安装craco：npm install craco

修改package.json：

/* package.json */
"scripts": {
-   "start": "react-scripts start",
-   "build": "react-scripts build",
-   "test": "react-scripts test",👇👇👇👇👇👇
+   "start": "craco start",
+   "build": "craco build",
+   "test": "craco test",
}

2.配置别名

在项目中层级嵌套会很深, 我们导入文件通常会有../../../甚至更多的上一级目录; 因此我们配置别名解决这个问题, 我的配置是使用@符号表示根目录

在项目根目录创建一个 craco.config.js 用于修改默认配置，该文件中的一些配置（如webpack）会和脚手架中的配置合并。修改别名的操作如下：

const path = require('path');module.exports = {webpack: {alias: {"@": path.resolve(__dirname, 'src'),'components': path.resolve(__dirname, 'src/components'),'store':path.resolve(__dirname,'src/store'),......}}
}

3.安装less

先安装：npm i craco-less

按照如下方式去craco.config.js中去配置一下：

const path = require('path');
const CracoLessPlugin = require('craco-less');module.exports = {//下面的配置和脚手架webpack合并webpack: {alias: {"@": path.resolve(__dirname, 'src'),'components': path.resolve(__dirname, 'src/components'),'store':path.resolve(__dirname,'src/store'),}},//配置lessplugins: [{plugin: CracoLessPlugin}]
}

🆗，应该可以用了

四、CSS样式重置

下载normalize.css, 再在src中的index.js文件引入normalize.css，这是给我们提供好的初始样式的一个模板吧。

npm i normalize.css

然后如果我们想自己自定义一些baseCSS，可以再新建一个文件

并且在normalize.css之后引入：

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client';
import App from './App';import 'normalize.css';  //先引入模板
import '@/assets/css/reset.css' //引入自定义样式const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root'));
root.render(<App />
);

五、配置路由

安装

npm install react-router-dom

index.js配置：

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom/client';
import { HashRouter } from 'react-router-dom';
import App from './App';import 'normalize.css';  //先引入模板
import '@/assets/css/reset.css' //引入自定义样式const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root'));
root.render(<HashRouter><App /></HashRouter>
);

新建几个路由组件，并配置他们的路由信息

最后去App.jsx中通过useRoutes这个hook，引入路由配置。

import React, { memo } from 'react';
import { useRoutes } from 'react-router-dom';
import routes from '@/router';const App = memo(() => {return (<div><div className="app"><div className="header">Header</div><div className="content">{useRoutes(routes)}</div><div className="footer">Footer</div></div></div>)
})export default App

如果要用路由懒加载，则再加两步操作：

import React from "react";
// import Home from "@/views/Home";
// import Detail from "@/views/Detail";
// import Entire from "@/views/Entire";
import { Navigate } from "react-router-dom";const Home = React.lazy(() => import('@/views/Home'));
const Detail = React.lazy(() => import('@/views/Detail'));
const Entire = React.lazy(() => import('@/views/Entire'));let routes = [{//重定向path:'/',element:<Navigate to='/home' />},{path: '/home',element: <Home/>},{path:'/detail',element: <Detail/>}, {path:'/entire',element:<Entire/>}
]export default routes;

六、配置Redux

安装：这里安装RTK同时也会安装redux的，除此之外我们还要一起安装react-redux

npm install react-redux @reduxjs/toolkit

1.创建大仓库

使用RTK的方式创建大store：

import { configureStore } from "@reduxjs/toolkit";
import homeReducer from './modules/home';
import entireReducer from './modules/entire'const store = configureStore({reducer: {home: homeReducer,entire: entireReducer,}
})export default store;

创建完了别忘了去入口文件包个标签

2.创建小仓库

为了复习之前的知识，这里我们用两种方式创建reducer函数：

（1）方式1：RTK

import { createSlice } from "@reduxjs/toolkit";const homeSlice = createSlice({name: 'home',initialState: {userName: 'zzy'},reducers: {changeUserName(state, action) {state.userName = action.payload;}}
})export default homeSlice.reducer;

（2）方式2：普通写法

entire/constants.js
const CHANGECOUNTER = 'changecounter';
export {CHANGECOUNTER};

entire/reducer.js
import * as actionTypes from './constants';let initialState = {counter: 0
}function reducer(state = initialState, action) {switch(action.type) {case actionTypes.CHANGECOUNTER:return {...state, counter: action.num}default: return state;}
}export default reducer;

entire/actionCreators.js
import * as actionTypes from './constants';export const changeCounter = (num) => {return {type: actionTypes.CHANGECOUNTER,num}
}

entire/index.js
import reducer from "./reducer";
export default reducer;

七、配置axios

首先安装axios：npm i axios

二次封装axios：

api/request/index.js
import axios from 'axios';
import { BASEURL, TIMEOUT } from './config';class HYRequest {constructor(baseURL, timeout) {this.instance = axios.create({baseURL,timeout,})this.instance.interceptors.response.use(res => {return res.data;})}request(config) {return this.instance.request(config);}get(config) {return this.request({...config, method: 'get'});}post(config) {return this.request({...config, method: 'post'});}
}//用变量存储baseURL的话，如果有其他的url，只需要导出其他的实例就可以了
export default new HYRequest(BASEURL, TIMEOUT);

api/request/config.js
const BASEURL = 'http://codercba.com:1888/airbnb/api';
const TIMEOUT = 6000;export {BASEURL, TIMEOUT}

说实话这里的封装还挺巧妙的，和之前做vue项目的封装不一样，这里面用类来存储axios的实例，发请求都会调用类的实例的方法，然后该方法再调用axios实例上的方法。不过目前好像还没get到这样封装的好处。。

找个组件测试一下：

import React, { memo, useEffect } from 'react';
import hyRequest from '@/api';const Home = memo(() => {useEffect(() => {hyRequest.get({url:'/home/highscore'}).then(res => {console.log(res);})},[])return (<div><h1>Home</h1></div>)
})export default Home

🆗，现在项目搭建的就差不多了，接下来就开始写里面的东西，放到下一篇文章中吧