电子政务系统网站建设的基本过程做网站第一步做什么

行政区划获取

获取2023年的行政区划，并以 编码: 省市区 格式保存为字典方便后续调用
注：网址可能会更新，根据最新的来

# 获取并保存行政区划代码
import requests
from lxml import etree
import jsondef fetch_html(url):"""获取网页内容"""try:response = requests.get(url)response.raise_for_status()response.encoding = 'utf-8'return response.textexcept requests.RequestException as e:print(f"请求失败: {e}")return Nonedef parse_html(html):"""解析HTML并生成行政区划字典"""if not html:return Nonehtml_tree = etree.HTML(html)rows = html_tree.xpath('//*[text()="行政区划代码"]/../following-sibling::tr')location_dict = {}current_province = ''current_city = ''for row in rows:if not row.xpath('./td[2]/text()'):continuecode = row.xpath('./td[2]/text()')[0].strip()name = row.xpath('./td[3]/text()')[0].replace('*', '').strip()if code.endswith('0000'):  # 省级current_province = namelocation_dict[code] = {'province': current_province, 'city': '', 'district': ''}elif code.endswith('00'):  # 市级current_city = namelocation_dict[code] = {'province': current_province, 'city': current_city, 'district': ''}else:  # 区县级location_dict[code] = {'province': current_province, 'city': current_city, 'district': name}return location_dictdef generate_full_address(location_dict):"""生成完整的地址字符串"""finally_location_dict = {}for code, location in location_dict.items():full_address = f"{location['province']} {location['city']} {location['district']}".strip()finally_location_dict[code] = full_addressreturn finally_location_dictdef save_to_json(data, filename):"""将数据保存为JSON文件"""try:with open(filename, 'w+', encoding='utf-8') as f:json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)print(f"数据已成功保存到 {filename}")except IOError as e:print(f"文件保存失败: {e}")def main():url = 'https://www.mca.gov.cn/mzsj/xzqh/2023/202301xzqh.html'html = fetch_html(url)if html:location_dict = parse_html(html)if location_dict:finally_location_dict = generate_full_address(location_dict)save_to_json(finally_location_dict, 'city_and_code.json')if __name__ == "__main__":main()# 提取编码对应省市区
# with open(r'city_and_code.json', "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
#     dict_ = json.load(f)
# print(dict_["320507"])