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一、描述

DISTRIBUTE BY子句用于根据输入表达式对数据进行重新分区。与CLUSTER BY子句不同，这不会对每个分区内的数据进行排序。

二、语法

DISTRIBUTE BY { expression [ , ... ] }

三、参数

• expression
  指定产生由一个或多个值、运算符和SQL函数组成的组合。

四、例子

CREATE TABLE person (name STRING, age INT);
INSERT INTO person VALUES('Zen Hui', 25),('Anil B', 18),('Shone S', 16),('Mike A', 25),('John A', 18),('Jack N', 16);-- Reduce the number of shuffle partitions to 2 to illustrate the behavior of `DISTRIBUTE BY`.
-- It's easier to see the clustering and sorting behavior with less number of partitions.
SET spark.sql.shuffle.partitions = 2;-- Select the rows with no ordering. Please note that without any sort directive, the result
-- of the query is not deterministic. It's included here to just contrast it with the
-- behavior of `DISTRIBUTE BY`. The query below produces rows where age columns are not
-- clustered together.
SELECT age, name FROM person;
+---+-------+
|age|   name|
+---+-------+
| 16|Shone S|
| 25|Zen Hui|
| 16| Jack N|
| 25| Mike A|
| 18| John A|
| 18| Anil B|
+---+-------+-- Produces rows clustered by age. Persons with same age are clustered together.
-- Unlike `CLUSTER BY` clause, the rows are not sorted within a partition.
SELECT age, name FROM person DISTRIBUTE BY age;
+---+-------+
|age|   name|
+---+-------+
| 25|Zen Hui|
| 25| Mike A|
| 18| John A|
| 18| Anil B|
| 16|Shone S|
| 16| Jack N|
+---+-------+